- 原则, 以datetime为中心, 起点或中转, 转化为目标对象, 涵盖了大多数业务场景中需要的日期转换处理
步骤:
- 掌握几种对象及其关系
- 了解每类对象的基本操作方法
- 通过转化关系转化
涉及对象
- datetime
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6>>> import datetime
>>> now = datetime.datetime.now()
>>> now
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 9, 12, 946118)
>>> type(now)
<type 'datetime.datetime'>
- timestamp
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2
3>>> import time
>>> time.time()
1421075455.568243
- time tuple
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3>>> import time
>>> time.localtime()
time.struct_time(tm_year=2015, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=23, tm_min=10, tm_sec=30, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=12, tm_isdst=0)
- string
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3>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
'2015-01-12 23:13:08'
- date
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3>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.now().date()
datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)
datetime基本操作
- 获取当前datetime
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3>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.now()
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 26, 24, 475680)
- 获取当天date
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2>>> datetime.date.today()
datetime.date(2015, 1, 12)
- 获取明天/前N天
明天
1 | >>> datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=1) |
三天前
1 | >>> datetime.datetime.now() |
- 获取当天开始和结束时间(00:00:00 23:59:59)
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4>>> datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(), datetime.time.min)
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 0, 0)
>>> datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(), datetime.time.max)
datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 12, 23, 59, 59, 999999)
- 获取两个datetime的时间差
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2>>> (datetime.datetime(2015,1,13,12,0,0) - datetime.datetime.now()).total_seconds()
44747.768075
- 获取本周/本月/上月最后一天
本周
1 | >>> today = datetime.date.today() |
本月
1 | >>> import calendar |
获取上个月的最后一天(可能跨年)
1 | >>> import datetime |
关系转换
几个关系之间的转化
Datetime Object / String / timestamp / time tuple
关系转换例子
datetime <=> string
datetime -> string
1 | >>> import datetime |
string -> datetime
1 | >>> import datetime |
datetime <=> timetuple
datetime -> timetuple
1 | >>> import datetime |
timetuple -> datetime
timetuple => timestamp => datetime [看后面datetime<=>timestamp]
datetime <=> date
datetime -> date
1 | >>> import datetime |
date -> datetime
1 | >>> datetime.date.today() |
datetime <=> timestamp
datetime -> timestamp
1 | >>> now = datetime.datetime.now() |
timestamp -> datetime
1 | >>> datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(1421077403.0) |